Loyalty programs can be operated within a payment processing system having multiple vendors, thereby providing access to detailed transaction data and with the flexibility for customization of the loyalty programs themselves, by establishing a communication for the transfer of data via a customer-facing channel. Thereby, applying the photocatalytic layer formed on various substrates, the photoresist pattern has excellent adhesion property and is capable of ensuring a high aspect ratio. As a result of this, it is possible to provide a highly accurate physical quantity sensor. The photo-resist layer and the anti-reflective coating layer are patterned to form a patterned photo-resist layer and a patterned anti-reflective coating layer, to expose a first portion of the seed layer, and to leave covered a second portion of the seed layer. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium. The casting core is formed around a fugitive insert during a single pour casting process.