The generation and comparison of a first time stamp and a second time stamp allows for the active operation of a mobile device that is intermittently connected to a middleware system. Irradiation of the inspected object by the sources is temporally sequenced such that the source of detected scattered radiation is unambiguous. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes an ionic liquid including an alicyclic quaternary ammonium cation having one or more substituents and a counter anion to the alicyclic quaternary ammonium cation, a cyclic ester, and an alkali metal salt. A complementary apparatus on the same side of the pool, such as a rope reel collecting apparatus having an engageable drive gear and a drive shaft connected to a reel, extends the pool cover over the pool by pulling on a rope attached to a rigid end of the pool cover. PRI stagger can be very small, e. The trench has an edge that defines the edge of the material layer region to be spalled.