A coding method, a decoding method, a coding apparatus, and a decoding apparatus are disclosed herein. Pneumatic travel tubes interconnect the stations. The test bridge circuit generates memory device command, address, and data signals in accordance with the test command packets, and the memory device command, address, and data signals are provided to a memory device under test that is coupled to the memory hub responsive to a memory device clock signal having a memory device clock frequency. Functionality may be provided in the performance monitoring application for initiating the measurement of secondary metrics with regard to identified instructions, data addresses, ranges of identified instructions, or ranges of identified data addresses, based on counter values for primary metrics. The controller unit generates image control information in accordance with the parameter information. The first transparent electrode layer is formed on an input region of the first transparent substrate, and the first drawn wiring layer is formed on a non-input region surrounding the input region.