In a vehicle air conditioner, a compressor is driven by a vehicle engine when an actual temperature of an evaporator is higher than a basis temperature that is higher than a target temperature by a predetermined temperature, and is driven by an electrical motor when the actual temperature of the evaporator is lower than the basis temperature. The emissivity of the front surface of the semiconductor wafer is calculated based on the intensity of radiated light from a black body having an equal temperature to the temperature of the back surface thereof, and the intensity of radiated light actually radiated from the front surface of the semiconductor wafer. , the Co\u2014Fe\u2014B free layer exhibits a negative or zero saturation magnetostriction, \u03bbS, while the TMR sensor exhibits superior TMR properties. Two projections extend out of edges of every inner circuit board so that the inner circuit board can be positioned after the projections are inserted into corresponding holes formed respectively in the top and bottom housing when the connector is assembled. In the plural beam method or system, the frequency components for each beam are determined using frequency-division multiplexing. The discharge vessel encloses a discharge space comprising an ionizable gas filling and, in addition to Hg, an alkali iodide of Na or Li or a combination of both.