A display apparatus includes a housing formed with a front opening, a display unit disposed in the housing, and a lighting unit disposed in the housing for illuminating the display unit. The high mannose-type glycan was found to block adhesion of chlamydiae to mammalian cells and thus to inhibit infectivity. A wiring board is provided to connect to the input terminals of the plural sheets of flexible printed circuit boards. The data driving circuit outputs a plurality of control signal and a data signal. According to the invention, the camerabase unit system is locked via SDI channels whereby the base unit video output is synchronised to the base unit Genlock signal. Each optical waveguide has a total length including one or more first segments with a first width and at least one or more second segments with a second width, the first width being larger than the second width.