A competitive assay to determine the presence and concentration of an intracellular analyte in a sample is provided. Further, the second and third sections are on adjacent sides of the first section. The Trellis codes are suited for transmission systems that adopt multi-mode QPSK and QAM constellations with different data rates since the same Trellis code can be applied to all modulation formats and the same decoder can be used at the receiver for all modulation formats. The present invention has particular advantages over prior minimally invasive techniques for occluding aneurysms in that it can both fill the aneurysm and occlude or stent the neck of the aneurysm in one step. In a preferred embodiment, the described techniques comprise an application that runs on a host device or is embedded in a logic or memory device. A bobbin carries a bottom thread through the bore of the tubular graft and forms a stitch in combination with a top thread carried on a needle which pierces the graft wall.