An apparatus and method for effecting and changing optical distortions is disclosed. By a pressure regulating opening portion for forming a reference liquid surface maintaining a given pressure, pressure inside a pump chamber before a discharging operation is kept constant without affecting liquid level existing in the liquid storage tank. In between the two 0-ohm resistors metal traces are build in a configuration to provide a specified delay in a signal passing through the trace. Thus, the second frequency synchronization device may be corrected per the adjacent cell while the first synchronization device remains synchronized with the serving cell. The composite doctor blade includes multiple layers of composite material in which a substantial proportion of the fibers are aligned in a direction substantially parallel to the long axis of the doctor blade.