1461065017-e8a1ed97-7de4-4802-ad64-4f009b2fac2e

A battery pack assembly allowing automated single ended bonding directly between a battery cell and a Printed Circuit Board is disclosed. A communications protocol is provided that enables reliable transactional state synchronization for peers participating in a distributed transaction. The successor list specifies identifiers of at least two successor nodes subsequently succeeding a first node of the plurality of nodes with regard to a topology structure of the peer-to-peer overlay network. A buried layer having the first conductivity type is formed below the second lightly doped region and electrically connected to the first lightly doped region.