Provided is a pre-equalization apparatus and method that can reduce time delay of an on-channel repeater. The flexoelectric composite comprises a first material, which may be substantially isotropic, the first material being present in a shaped form. The control system acts as a power distribution system for controlling the pool and spa equipment, with a circuit board assembly including individual fuse protection devices and switching circuits. When a shutter button is operated, the object scene is photographed in accordance with a set photographing mode. In some embodiments, the count values for each of the DNS data fragments can be normalized. The search key is provided in a single search request issued to the lookup table.