The invention of novel protein microarrays and protein microarray-based techniques to determine the presence and amounts of proteins of interest are described. An oversampling apparatus oversamples a narrow-band speech signal sndN. In certain embodiments, the selected signal loop defines a test pattern signal flow for testing a subsection of the circuit. 0 wt % of the total usage of the pozzolan and cementing material; and steel fiber accounting for 0. And an actuator is configured to selectively drive the dual clutch into one of its first and second clutching modes.