A cathode active material composition of a cathode of a lithium battery includes a conducting agent, a binder, and a cathode active material coated on one surface of a current collector, wherein the cathode active material composition is coated with a vanadium oxide. A respective characterization of each of at least one visual quality feature of the input image is determined. The second inferred data type is utilized to augment the second received data with computed values that aggregate the second received data along a second hierarchical dimension.