A method and apparatus for detecting a security error at a PDCP layer of an LTE system, a mobile communication system, are disclosed. In some embodiments, a MEMS wafer with normal thickness is firstly bonded to a cap wafer of normal thickness, followed by a thinning on the backside of the MEMS wafer. The pattern support layer is a tensional stress membrane that has a surface roughness of 0. Further, the method can include modifying at least one of the first colored illuminant and the second colored illuminant to adjust the one or more color characteristics into a range of values associated with a portion of an image that corresponds to the portion of the reproduced image. In order to be able to reach a plurality of working positions without an inactive intermediate position, a short stroke linear motor having a double-strand winding is additionally provided, both strands being operated at a phase difference of <90\xb0. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electron-emitting device having a preferable electron-emitting characteristic, an electron source in which a plurality of preferable electron-emitting devices having a high uniformity are arranged, and an image-forming apparatus having a high uniformity and a preferable display quality.