Various embodiments of the present invention provide an inexpensive and easy to use apparatus and method that permits a user to attach an apparatus to existing picture frames or other objects with various advantages. When data conforming to an IO command received from a host is in an external LDEV, and when there is no cache hit in this cache area, an IO command is issued to this external storage subsystem, and then the result of IO processing is sent to the host. When the engine is operated in the compression stroke injection mode, the ECU controls the injector to advance the fuel injection timing in accordance with an increase of the coolant temperature. The isolating layer includes a plurality of openings that respectively expose the contact terminals of the flexible interconnection structure. The inflation device is preferably preloaded by the manufacturer andor packager of the inflation device. In various embodiments, phase amplifiers may be implemented in analog or digital form.