Methods for fabricating dual damascene interconnect structures are provided in which a sacrificial material containing porogen is used for filling via holes in an interlayer dielectric layer such that the sacrificial material can be transformed to porous material that can be quickly and efficiently removed from the via holes without damaging or removing the interlayer dielectric layer. When an angle between the rotation center lines of the elastic member and the pinch roller shaft approaches a prescribed value, the sliding restriction member contacts the inclination restriction member. With a multi-component structure, scheduling policy components can be separated from scheduling mechanism components in an operating system scheduler. The sofa back can then be attached to the seat frame by two metal brackets that lock into a slot. The resultant hydrolysate can be added to a food composition to form a pet food product, such as a dry pet food product. An energy-conversion method includes, from within one or both of first or second containers, varying an internal temperature to cause a resultant pressure differential that motivates the fluid to flow between the first and second containers, and performing work as fluid flows through the energy converter between the containers.