Acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of trans-4–cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of making prodrugs of trans-4–cyclohexane-carboxylic acid, and methods of using prodrugs of trans-4–cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and pharmaceutical compositions thereof to treat or prevent various diseases or disorders are disclosed. In one embodiment the solvent media comprises water, and optionally at least one water-soluble protic organic solvent. An amount of capacitance can vary with the movement of the mechanical conductor membrane.