A scraping apparatus includes an elongated tubular shaft with open proximal and distal ends in fluid communication with each other along an entire longitudinal length of the tubular shaft. The synthesis section includes a filter pair bank with multiple inputs and an output that provides an OWDM signal. The end part is provided with a trough-shaped depression which guides the balls, while the ball deflector includes a hemispherical or hemi-ellipsoidal section. The apparatus contains an injection chamber having an accumulation portion and a shaft housing portion. Novel codon-optimized circumsporozoite genes are disclosed.