A method of capacitance-to-voltage conversion with an external sensor capacitor and a capacitance-to-voltage converter implemented on an integrated readout circuit that includes a reference capacitor, a sampling capacitor and a sampling amplifier and which has input terminals to which the sensor capacitor is connected. A patterned mask with \u201cwindow\u201d openings, or trenches formed in the substrate with appropriate vertical dimensions, such as the product of the window width times the cotangent of the angle between the surface normal and the c-axis direction, provides significant blocking of all diagonally running defects during growth. The configurable adjuster includes a plurality of electrically configurable elements and circuit-trimming members. This sheet of film materials may be co-extruded with other resins or laminated with other materials after extrusion. At least one polarization means is provided in the illumination beam path andor in the imaging beam path, by which at least one polarization means the light of the respective beam path can be converted into a predeterminable polarization state. A mapping function can be used to identify a set of materials that correspond to each property cluster based on the associations between individual items and properties.