In accordance with the invention, there are systems for electronic paper, apparatus for electrophoretic display, and methods of making an electrophoretic display. By storing the predicted load value in a table, when the actual load value is determined it may be compared with the predicted load value from the table. The third insulation layer covers the source, the drain, and the third electrode. A request is received from one of the user computers over the public network to download that entertainment program. The free, or unsecured flap of the folded edge absorbs shock associated with storm disturbances.