To realize a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a heating resistor type air flow rate measuring apparatus which can effectively remove salinity adhered to the heating resistor. A network manager may determine a similarity metric between users of the environment, between media objects, andor between a user and media objects. The sender transmits data to the receiver through a data channel. The composite particle can be used as a filling substance in polymers and enables the content of active material for comparable properties to be reduced or improves the properties of filled materials, e. The maintained data can also include various characteristic data that is associated with the audio stream. A scavenging agent is introduced into the base fuel in an amount effective to complex with catalytic poisoning combustion by products and reduce catalyst poisoning.