A fixing device includes a fixing rotator rotatable in a predetermined direction of rotation and a pressure rotator pressed against an outer circumferential surface of the fixing rotator. The precision stage has a horizontal placement surface for placing a substrate W thereon and is configured to be reciprocable between an upstream end and a downstream end in a conveying direction. 0024, 2=\u03bb2, Mx2={+}\u03bb, and X\u226720t. One or more embodiments disclose the abrasive element located on one or more of the removable cap, the hollow elongated tube, the openable cover of the removable cap, on a removable flap, under the removable flap, on a sliding sleeve and under the sliding sleeve. In addition, the present invention may be used as a prognostic indicator for certain cancer types.