A lighting apparatus is disclosed. In some embodiments, the antenna parameter measurements comprise radiated power. The codec may include circuits for partitioning the image data into fixed-size blocks of image data and compressing the image data in each fixed-size block based on the image content in that block using a logarithm-based quantization of selected transform coefficients. During the grant pending absent state, the customer premises equipment sends no upstream data to the base station controller but can use the unicast request slot to request a data slot for sending upstream data to the base station controller. The system includes vehicle lamps according to the present invention, and can include sensor processors located within each of a plurality of lamps, or sensor processors that are centrally located within the vehicle. The passive infrared camera system includes: a lens; a refrigerated portion including the infrared sensor device and the optical bandpass filter.