Methods and systems for managing the communications and information resources of a user. The information medium includes: an information layer on which user data is written; and a recording layer on which visible information, which is directly visible to a user, is recorded. The stubbing service may send the request onto the second service and may, in response, receive a reply to the request from the second service. The extending roller unit 13 includes dust sealing mechanisms provided between ends of the extending rollers 79 and a pair of endless members 75, the dust sealing mechanism inhibiting circulation of air between rotation regions of extending rollers 79 and traveling regions of the pair of endless members 75. The process comprises an isomerization step from cis 1233zd to trans 1233zd. The logic correction circuit executes a parity bit rewrite operation.