An application identification sensor comprises a plurality of emitters configured to transmit light into a tissue site and a detector configured to receive the light after tissue absorption. Sealing members of flexible foam rubber rich in restoring force are arranged in the clearance between the dustproof cover and the side walls of the track rail. When fuel is supplied, a particular component is extracted from a value obtained by subtracting the sum of the time required for the rotation in a non-combustion state and the combustion variation from the time required for the rotation corresponding to a cylinder determined to be in a combustion stroke. Tags respond to the reader with backscatter symbols. In another example, a Z-position of the patterning device is determined by directing at least one beam of radiation onto a part of the patterning device located outside a pattern area. An electronic device andor software application may be provided for determining the appropriate tempo according to the illustrative system and displaying it according to an audio andor visual queue.