In a scatterometric method, a roughness value can be obtained by using a model including a surface layer having a variable parameter relating to its refractive index. The program code can be configured to calculate a value based on a weight of the resource and frequency of access of the resource by each process. Then, the navigation processing part 100 calculates an approximate position of an ETC lane on the basis of the running path, and accumulates the calculated approximate position in a storage unit. In one embodiment, the present invention is comprised of an encasing structure having an opening and configured to receive and have disposed therewithin the handheld computer system. Techniques are also provided herein for establishing on a network an enriched presence by a network management server that is configured to perform a management function via a presence function of a messaging and presence protocol. The extended node is not encompassed by the interface.