A rotational phase difference of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft in a variable valve timing mechanism is controlled by an operation of an oil control valve. A toy automobile component extends from the underside. The location where the sound conduit pipe is coupled to the horn andor the tilt angle of the sound conduit pipe with respect to the horn may be varied to control the sound radiation characteristic of the loudspeaker. The time required for the heated portion of the liquid to move from the point of application of thermal energy to the point at which the beam passes through the liquid is measured. The bend tabs project through an associated set of laterally spaced mounting windows formed in the active layer and are bent back toward one another to secure the shim layer to the active layer. Even dispersion of nutrients along the membrane barrier is accomplished through a novel nutrient dispersion flow path.