A non-invasive optical sensor which uses the motion signal to calculate the physiological characteristic being measured. Methods of synthesis of compounds of structure, pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of structure and methods relating to the use thereof are also disclosed. For example, one type of a route symbol that may be used to represent a road may be an interstate route symbol that has substantially the same appearance as an interstate route sign used to mark the interstate itself. In other words, if a user wishes to change the execution state of a command, a client can create a signal message and send such message to the shell processor, which can take the appropriate action as desired. Each particular user multiplexer has input and output terminals and has a set of select terminals for receiving a set of user-design signals that directs the particular multiplexer to connect a set of the input terminals to a set of the output terminals.