The present invention relates to a first medical device configured to permit connection to a second medical device. The technique involves obtaining certificates from visited web sites and qualifying communications with those web sites based on the content of the certificates. In this configuration, it is preferable that the first particle have a higher electron emission efficiency than the second particle and that the second particle be conductive. Methods for measuring the thickness of thin films can be important to the fabrication of integrated circuits because the thickness and uniformity of the thin film can determine electrical characteristics of the transistors being fabricated. A rear panel including an upper rear face and a lower rear face is also provided. As a result, such a panty garment can comprise an unstretched girth that is substantially three times the circumference of a small-circumference circular knitting machine knitting cylinder.