This invention concerns an integrated circuit device, such as smart cards, electronic wallets, PC cards, and the like, and various methods for authenticating identities and authorizing transactions based on the authenticated identities. The stator assembly may be rotationally driven by an engine crankshaft. The present invention may be advantageously used in a wireless transmitter application. The hydrodynamic heater includes an inlet port fluidly connected to a discharge port of the heat exchanger, and a discharge port fluidly connected to an inlet port of the heat exchanger. Some advantages of the embodiments disclosed herein may include, without limitation, the ability to predict the behavior of the email recipient and suggest the characteristics of an email which will increase the likelihood of a positive behavior, such as a reading or responding to the email, visiting a website, calling a sales representative, or opening an email attachment. The invention provides a compound represented by the formula or a salt thereof.