Provided is a method for characterising an analyte, which method comprises: a) providing a compound in which the analyte is attached by at cleavable linker to a mass marker relatable to the analyte; b) cleaving the mass marker from the analyte; and c) identifying the mass marker, thereby characterising the analyte, wherein the mass marker comprises a metal ion-binding moiety. The communications system comprises a transmitter for transmitting OFDMDMT symbols over a predetermined number of bins across a transmission medium. During an irradiation period of the imaging process, the locking means is turned as synchronized with the movement of the x-ray source. Also, ink droplets ejected from the nozzle orifices are charged to a charged amount that corresponds to deflection amount of the ink droplets. A wafer which can be produced by the above-mentioned method of producing a water. In an embodiment consistent with the OSI network model, transmit and receive CRC generators are moved from the link layer to the physical layer, which frees up valuable programmable logic resources when a programmable logic device is employed to perform the functions of the link layer.