A method of forming a reader of a magnetic head includes multiple processing steps. Various embodiments include multiple select gate structure, process, and operation and their applicability for memory devices, modules, and systems. the esters of glycerin with fatty acids, by dispersion of low alcohols, especially methyl alcohol, in the liquidic initial product. Some implementations also include loopback transponders that communicatively couple gateway terminals and user terminals in the same spot beam. The method comprises: performing entropy coding on an input image by performing exponential Golomb binarization using a plurality of predetermined thresholds; measuring a bit rate of a bit stream which is generated by performing the entropy coding using each threshold; and determining an optimal threshold by comparing bit rates with regard to the thresholds.