1459850777-3d122007-246c-4317-92de-f7b9e9de8b9c

An improved method for the design and development of high performance hybrid devices having biological and nonbiological components. The offset from the base address corresponds to an offset location in a memory configured for storing an address of a variable or data. The first arrangement may include a transmitter and a receiver. Yet another embodiment of a needle comb reticle pattern includes two complementary needle comb reticle subpatterns, each subpattern including a box-in-box feature with four flanking needle combs. In a further embodiment, an optical communication system includes a plurality of optical networks and a plurality of optical switches that cooperate to generate unequipped signals and to obtain autonomously switch-to-switch port connectivity information required for auto-topology discovery.