A photographing lens includes first, second and third lens elements arranged in a sequence from an object side. The detected portion of the image signal result in determined components of interest. An end-to-end mapping, which maps the parameters of at least some of the input packets directly to the corresponding end-to-end actions, is cached in the network element. Each photovoltaic cell is coupled to a set of switches and the photovoltaic cell is dynamically configured for energy conversion or imaging based on the settings of at least one of the switches.