1459884501-ab402d1f-350f-4971-8661-566cd011d437

Methods and apparatus for novel routing structures and methods that improve fitting of user-defined functions onto programmable logic devices. The inclusions can be in the form of one or more implanted regions that function as confinement layers configured to trap implanted species. The Chinese characters, English alphabets, and Korean characters are distributed in the keys of the numerical keyboard.