An end effector configured to pick up an item may comprise a vacuum port through which a vacuum is selectively drawn, a first vacuum pathway in communication with the vacuum port and defining a first open bore, a pin pathway and a pin disposed within the pin pathway and configured for constrained movement therein. The device may include a plurality of applicator elements oriented substantially transversely to a longitudinal axis of the device and comprising a first applicator element and a second applicator element consecutive with the first applicator element. The light source emits a combined light beam that is emitted by a first laser and a second laser. A transform is performed on the first sequence to obtain a second sequence of values. The invention also describes a method for testing the efficacy of a TNF\u03b1 antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, for the treatment of erosive polyarthritis. Methods comprise the application of an effective amount of a hypocalcemic vitamin D compound to inhibit the angiogenesis of malignant cells, inducing the apoptosis of malignant cells, and regressing the growth of tumorous cells.