There is disclosed a piezoelectric thin film having less non-uniform portions and holding satisfactory piezoelectric characteristics, a method of manufacturing the film, a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric thin film, and an ink jet system recording head using the piezoelectric element. The load-resistance calculation unit calculates load-resistance reference value and dynamic load-resistance values based on voltage value and current value detected by the voltage detection circuit and the current detection circuit, respectively. The device generates a numerical representation of the groups, comprising a plurality of numerical values, where a particular value corresponding to a particular group is determined based at least in part on a combined size of text image elements of the particular group.