A Voice Activity Detection algorithm provides a simple binary signal indicating the presence or absence of speech in a microphone signal. The inner encoding circuit includes an inner-encoding input circuit that performs interleaving processing in which a parallel input sequence is divided into lanes and in which a barrel shift is performed for each inner frame in the lanes. A liquid flow pipe having a shut-off valve is located within the ceiling of the room. That is, no two devices apply identical commissioning data, hi some embodiments this is achieved by, as part of the commissioning process at a given access control device, modifying one or more aspects of the data carried by the carrier substrate. At the circuit forming surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, reference lines 3 are formed in correspondence to the positions of at least three corners of the semiconductor element 2 to be mounted.