A group of devices and machines for converting the mechanical energy of live loads into electricity. Each AP1 sub-layer is exposed to a low energy plasma for a short time before the next layer is deposited. The locking element preferably is composed of a thin retaining element and a clamping element at one end of the retaining element. The flow path also may include an expansion chamber downstream from and in fluid communication with the helical flow passage, as well as a fuel delivery device in fluid communication with the expansion chamber for delivering fuel.