A LED flash bulb decorating light with features of able to achieve complicated light variation by employing simple circuit design, which comprises a power cord with a power plug, a series of single color, dual color or multiple color LED flash bulb forming in series or parallel circuit with the power cord. The apparatus asynchronously samples an analog read signal generating from the optical storage system and subtracts an estimated DC offset from the asynchronous sample values to generate a sequence of asynchronous DC-removed sample values. The base station includes: a transmitter which transmits the data signal; and a receiver which receives the ACK or NACK signals. The taxonomy map includes information regarding one or more extended taxonomy elements of a reporting entity that are not mapped to any base taxonomy elements. A dirt collecting system is mountable to the body, and includes a first chamber to receive dirt separated by the first dirt separator, and a second chamber to receive dirt separated by the second dirt separator. The measuring uncertainty andor maximum measuring error or the tester is then derived from the determined value of PDL of the verification element in conjunction with the actual value of PDL of the verification element.