In some embodiments, the present invention relates to methods or suppressing edge ringing in images. More particularly, the invention deals with techniques that allow compact and low-cost system implementation for phased array antenna adopting optical control and also allows continuous time delay for each antenna in the array to induce phase difference. A method of separating the upper hull structure from the lower module includes disconnecting the lower module from the lower end of the upper hull structure, and then allowing the weight of the mooring line assemblies to sink the lower module. The byte string may include one or more continuation codes when the manufacturer ID exceeds 1 byte. A ratio between the receiver signal and the reference signal is sensitive to the coupler element position, but substantially insensitive to common mode factors that influence the reference signal and receiver signal to a substantially equal degree. The invention is also of a fluid control apparatus and method comprising providing a membrane and estimating salt rejection by the membrane.