A database stores map data including road network data and landmark data. The cylinder 4 is oil-filled, and communicates with an upper region of a spring chamber, the lower region 46 of which contains gas under pressure. In the focused-ion beam etching, a substrate holder which is rotatable about 360, is rotated, at the minimum, through an angle of about 90, and the thin film or monocrystal on the substrate is etched from the side surface thereof so as to fabricate the element. Otherwise, the system repeats the operation of determining whether a FEC frame sync lock is detected. The surface pad system also includes a pad core received in the interior region of the cover to support the patient. The branched polymers bear at least one functional group for reacting with a biologically active agent to form a biologically active conjugate.