In a method of forming a contact hole and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having the same, a first insulation interlayer is formed on a substrate. An amount of toner reduced is calculated based on a set toner reduction rate. A wide angular range of deflection within a very small curve or bend radius in the intermediate segment is obtained. Also useful as sex pheromones are nepetalactol and nepetalactone. An amplifier is optically coupled to the scintillator.