An image display system is capable of generating a composite image that shows a surrounding area of a vehicle viewed from virtual viewpoints, by combining a plurality of shot images taken by a plurality of on-vehicle cameras that are disposed at different locations on the vehicle. An upper portion of the variable resistance layer is disposed between lower portions of two neighboring second conductive layers including the second conductive layer. The algorithm also uses parallelism to improve performance. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol or a cationic dispersant to the binder seal pit results in an immediate or nearly immediate improvement of the tear strength of the chopped strand mat. After the particle is identified, the substance is identified.