After a trench is formed into a substrate, a polysilicon layer is formed on sidewalls and a bottom of the trench. The KMB encodes a session key needed to read from or write to the medium. The apparatus in present invention can also include an external mixing system which apply shaking or vibration to the bottle or cup for mixing and dissolving powder with water inside it and a remote controlling system so that a user can start the formula or beverage preparation process from a distance. The overflow is corrected based on the correction value. In one aspect, a bookbinding consumables quantity interrogator is configured to obtain information relating to usage of one or more consumables in a bookbinding system, and a processor is configured to compute usage statistics for the one or more bookbinding consumables based upon usage information obtained by the bookbinding consumables quantity interrogator.