The present invention relates generally to a surgical instrument. The charge circuit includes a charge current switching portion which switches the charge current so as to charge the battery pack in a main charge mode when the output voltage is higher than a prescribed voltage, and in a preliminary charge mode with a small current when the output voltage is lower than the prescribed voltage. In some examples, a video encoder or decoder may encode or decode a video block that is predicted from two reference pictures using the single reference picture list, and encode or decode a video block that is predicted from one reference picture using the same, single reference picture list. A thick pyrolyzate\u201cchar\u201d layer is formed during pyrolysis. Dispersions, including emulsions, comprising the ionic saccharide-siloxane copolymers, and methods for manufacturing these compositions, dispersions, and emulsions are also provided. The image correction section outputs four signals: an Rc1 signal, a Gc1 signal and a Bc1 signal, which are subjected to the resolution-enhancing process, and the K signal that is used for the resolution-enhancing process.