A catalyst material including a catalyst carrier including a porous alumina support and a hindrance layer on the alumina support, the hindrance layer comprising one or more of a sulfate, carbonate, hydroxide, or oxide of barium, strontium, or calcium is described. A substrate is implanted with octadecaborane by plasma immersion or ion beam implantation. The semiconductor and oxide layer may be disposed between electron and hole conducting layers. Upon receiving the positional information and orientation information from the portable terminal, the information processing apparatus transmits, to the portable terminal, the functional information for specifying a process to be executed by a specific image processing apparatus associated with the received information.