Mechanical andor structural devices are formed using electroplating techniques in conjunction with sacrificial materials that can also be formed using electroplated techniques. The system further including a cable-length calibration method, an automatic material identification and calibration method, a material insensitive method, an inductive ratio method and advanced sensing characteristics. The permanent magnet assembly is double ended, and includes at least one shorting ring to hold down the inductance of the driving coils at higher frequencies. At least one torque-transmitting connecting element is located between the basic element and the cam element.