A cross-bar switch includes a set of input ports and a set of sink ports in communication with the input ports. The shift device includes a shift lever and a case. Printing is performed on the top surfaces of each of the stacks, and then a top page is redeployed from one stack to the other. The discriminator sets a threshold voltage to a potential level that corresponds to a number of discriminating operations to be performed with respect to a corresponding cell and a result of a discriminating operation already performed with respect to the cell. The logical failover circuit includes an alternative communication path to communicate the data. The soluble recombinant protein is purified using a fusion tag.