A variable square-wave drive device for controlling square waves using feedback- and bias-control methods. The invention also relates to methods for preparing such compounds. The array of at least one of quantum dots and quantum dashes is located in the intrinsic layer in at least one of the structures. A resistive switching metal oxide may be doped with a dopant that increases its melting temperature and enhances its thermal stability. To change a usage restriction, the device receives a control key, validates it against the stored footprint, changes the usage restriction settings, and generates a new usage restriction setting MAC. More specifically, the method includes generating chlorine dioxide from a stable composition comprising an oxy halide salt by introducing said composition to a reducing agent and minimum temperature within the reaction zone.