The present invention utilizes magnesium diboride or B2 as a superconductivity thin film which can be applied to a rapid single flux quantum circuit. The active waveguide may include an optical waveguide, a plurality of modulators integrated into the waveguide to modulate the index of refraction of the waveguide, and a plurality of local amplifiers, each coupled to a modulator. The ground electrode and the high voltage electrode form an annular region into which a sample is introduced for generating a plasma. Substantially all of the nitrogen within the silicon dioxide is at least 10 \u212b above the substrate. By monitoring a control channel during a DRX period, battery consumption of a user equipment can be reduced and an operation time of the user equipment can be increased. The invention is particularly useful in combinatorial applications in order to evaluate a plurality of solids or mixtures of solids to determine at least one surface property of each of the solids.