At each of a plurality of transit readers of a transit system, for each of a plurality of riders, where each rider seeks to conduct an access transaction with the transit system for access into the transit facility by using a payment device issued by an issuer in a payment system, data is read from the payment device. According to the inventive method, at least one semiconductor wafer is positioned in a process tank above the sparger plate. An ink chamber and an ink supply chamber are formed by a membrane valve seat made of an elastic thin membrane and formed with a through hole therethrough. Still some embodiments include mapping, via the processor at the NOC, a unique private address in the data to customer defined private IP addresses. A minimum path round trip time is then determined from multiple time of arrival determinations.